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Medikamentell behandling av astma

Astmamedisiner virker på luftveiene ved å få musklene i veggene til å slappe av eller ved å dempe betennelsen. Det er vanlig å behandle etter et trappetrinns-prinsipp, der man starter på trinn 1, 2 eller 3. Så trapper man opp eller ned etter behov, i samråd med lege.

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Astma hos barn

Pasientorganisasjoner

Astma- og Allergiforbundet
- E-post: naaf@naaf.no
- Postadresse: PB 6764 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo
- Tlf: 23 35 35 35, Faks: 23 35 35 30
Landsforeningen for Hjerte- og Lungesyke
- E-post: post@lhl.no
- Besøksadresse: Ragnar Strøms veg 4, 2067 Jessheim (rett ved LHL-sykehuset på Gardermoen)
- Postadresse: Postboks 103 Jessheimbyen, 2051 Jessheim
- Telefon: 67 02 30 00 (faks: 67 02 30 01)

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Fakta

Astma er en kronisk tilstand som fører til tilbakevendende episoder med pustevansker på grunn av anfall med trange luftveier
Typiske symptomer er perioder med hoste, tungpust og piping i brystet
Medisiner som pustes inn (inhaleres), er den viktigste delen av behandlingen
Noen ganger er det nødvendig med medisiner i form av tabletter eller som sprøyter

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Jeg har lest og akseptert Brukervilkår ved kjøp av NEL-dokumenter

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet "Astma hos ungdom og voksen". Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor.

Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2019. Available from: www.ginasthma.org ginasthma.org
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Carson KV, Chandraetilleke MG, Picot J, et al. Physical training for asthma. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev 2013. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001116.pub4 DOI
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Gibson PG, Powell H, Coughlan J, Wilson AJ, Abramson M, Haywood P, et al. Self-management education and regular practitioner review for adults with asthma (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, issue 1, 2004. The Cochrane Library
O'Byrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, et al. Inhaled Combined Budesonide-Formoterol as Needed in Mild Asthma. N Engl J Med 2018; 378(20): 1865-1876. pmid:29768149 PubMed
Bateman ED, Reddel HK, O'Byrne PM, et al. As-Needed Budesonide-Formoterol versus Maintenance Budesonide in Mild Asthma. N Engl J Med 2018; 378(20): 1877-1887. pmid:29768147 PubMed
Miligkos M, Bannuru RR, Alkofide H, et al. Leukotriene-receptor antagonists versus placebo in the treatment of asthma in adults and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2015. doi:10.7326/M15-1059 DOI
Cates CJ, Karner C. Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice (including inhaled steroid maintenance), for chronic asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 4: CD007313. pmid:23633340 PubMed
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Normansell R, Walker S, Milan SJ, et al. Omalizumab for asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 1: CD003559. pmid:24414989 PubMed
Norman G, Faria R, Paton F, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of severe persistent allergic asthma: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2013; 17: 1-342. pmid:24267198 PubMed
Tao L, Shi B, Shi G, Wan H. Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for allergic asthma: retrospective meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trials. Clin Respir J 2014 Apr; 8(2): 192-205. pmid:24118881 PubMed
Normansell R, Kew KM, Bridgman AL. Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 8. Art. No.: CD011293. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011293.pub2 DOI
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Martineau AR, Cates CJ, Urashima M, Jensen M, Griffiths AP, Nurmatov U, Sheikh A, Griffiths CJ. Vitamin D for the management of asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD011511. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011511.pub2. DOI
Vinnikov D, Khafagy A, Blanc PD, et al. High-altitude alpine therapy and lung function in asthma: systematic review and meta-analysis. ERJ Open Res 2016 Jun ; 6;2(2): 00097-2015. doi:10.1183/23120541.00097-2015 DOI
Hondras MA, Linde K, Jones AP. Manual therapy for asthma (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4 2002. Oxford: Update Software. The Cochrane Library
McCarney RW, Brinkhaus BG, Lasserson TJ, Linde K. Acupuncture for chronic asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003; 3: CD000008. Cochrane (DOI)
Kew KM, Undela K, Kotortsi I, et al. Macrolides for chronic asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 15;9:CD002997. (Review) PMID: 26371536 PubMed
Gibson PG, Yang IA, Upham JW, et al. Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma (AMAZES): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Jul 4. pii: S0140-6736(17)31281-3. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31281-3. (Original) PMID: 28687413 PubMed
Nasjonale faglige retningslinjer for antibiotikabruk i primærhelsetjenesten: Eksaserbasjon av kols/kronisk bronkitt. Versjon 2.2, sist oppdatert 22.09.2016 www.antibiotikaiallmennpraksis.no
Corren J, Parnes JR, Wang L, et al.. Tezepelumab in Adults with Uncontrolled Asthma. N Engl J Med 2017; 377(10): 936-946. pmid:28877011 PubMed
Abramson MJ, Puy RM, Weiner JM. Injection allergen immunotherapy for asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 8. Art. No.: CD001186. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001186.pub2 DOI
Gøtzsche PC, Johansen HK. House dust mite control measures for asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001187 Cochrane (DOI)
Kilburn S, Lasserson TJ, McKean M. Pet allergen control measures for allergic asthma in children and adults (Cochrane review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; (4): CD002989. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002989 DOI
Gautier C, Charpin D. Environmental triggers and avoidance in the management of asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2017 Mar; 7: 10:47-56. pmid:28331347 PubMed
Custovic A, Wijk PG. The effectiveness of measures to change the indoor environment in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma: ARIA update (in collaboration with GA(2)LEN). Allergy. 2005;60(9):1112–1115
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2016. Online appendix, p. 57. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
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Cates CJ, Rowe BH. Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD000364. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000364.pub4. DOI
Folkehelseinstituttet: Vaksineanbefalinger influensasesongen 2018-2019. Sist oppdatert 19.09.2018. www.fhi.no
Brocklebank DDM, White J, Wright JJ, Jones P. Pressurised metered dose inhalers versus all other hand-held inhaler devices to deliver beta-2 agonist bronchodilators for non-acute asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD002158 Cochrane (DOI)
Cates CJ, Welsh EJ, Rowe BH. Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013. pmid:24037768 PubMed
Walters EH, Walters JAE, Gibson PG, Jones P. Inhaled short acting beta2-agonist use in chronic asthma: regular versus as needed treatment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001285 Cochrane (DOI)
Walters EH, Gibson PG, Lasserson TJ, Walters JAE. Long-acting beta2-agonists for chronic asthma in adults and children where background therapy contains varied or no inhaled corticosteroid. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001385 Cochrane (DOI)
Loymans RJ, Gemperli A, Cohen J, et al. Comparative effectiveness of long term drug treatment strategies to prevent asthma exacerbations: network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014 May 13;348:g3009. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g3009 DOI
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Lavt stoffskifte kan gi en rekke symptomer, blant annet slapphet, depresjon og hukommelsessvikt. Behandlingen har som mål å fjerne symptomer og plager forbundet med sykdommen.

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Hånd-,fot- og munnsykdom er en virusinfeksjon med utslett i munn, hender og fotsåler. Den forekommer først og fremst hos barn under 10 år, er svært smittsom og kan opptre som mindre epidemier.

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Systemisk sklerose er en bindevevssykdom som angriper mange organer og gir uttalt bindevevsdannelse, såkalt sklerose. Huden angripes nesten alltid. Prognosen avhenger av hvilken type systemisk sklerose det er.

Medikamentell behandling av astma

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Astma hos barn

Pasientorganisasjoner

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Inhalasjonsteknikk

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