Informasjon

Amblyopi - synssvakhet hos småbarn

Prognose

Med riktig behandling er prognosen god. Det er likevel vanlig at synet på det dårlige øyet forblir noe svekket. Hos ca. halvparten forblir 3D-synet nedsatt.

Både øyelapp og atropinbehandling er vist å være effektive tiltak for å utvikle synet på det dårlige øyet. Men vær oppmerksom på at cirka ett av fire barn får tilbakefall. Derfor er det viktig med regelmessige kontroller. Ved tilbakefall gjentas samme behandling som første gang. Gjennomføres behandlingen korrekt, blir resultatet utmerket.

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Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet "Amblyopi". Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor.

McConaghy JR, McGuirk R. Amblyopia: Detection and Treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2019 Dec 15;100(12):745-750. PubMed
Bradfield YS. Identification and treatment of amblyopia. Am Fam Physician 2013; 87: 348-52. American Family Physician
Holmes JM, Lazar EL, Melia BM, et al.; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Effect of age on response to amblyopia treatment in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2011;129(11):1451-7. PubMed
National Eye Institute. Amblyopia. Accessed 05.06.2019. www.nei.nih.gov
Williams C, Northstone K, Howard M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for common vision problems in children: data from the ALSPAC study. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92: 959. pmid:18480306 PubMed
Pai AS, Rose KA, Leone JF, et al. Amblyopia prevalence and risk factors in Australian preschool children. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 138-44. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.024 DOI
Holmes JM, Clarke MP. Amblyopia. Lancet 2006; 367: 1343-51. pmid:16631913 PubMed
Haugen O. Amblyopi. Nasjonal kvalitetshåndbok for oftalmologi. Norsk oftalmologisk forening. Sist faglig oppdatert 31.10.2017. legeforeningen.no
Taylor K, Elliott S. Interventions for strabismic amblyopia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(7):CD006461. Cochrane (DOI)
Arnold RW, O'Neil JW, Cooper KL, et al. Evaluation of a smartphone photoscreening app to detect refractive amblyopia risk factors in children aged 1–6 years. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:1533–1537. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, Section on Ophthalmology. American Association of Certified Orthoptists, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Academy of Ophthalmology. Eye examination in infants, children, and young adults by pediatricians. Pediatrics 2003; 111: 902-7. Pediatrics
Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Beck RW, Edwards AR, Birch E, Cotter SA, et al., for the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123: 437-47. PubMed
Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Kraker RT, et al.; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Patching vs atropine to treat amblyopia in children aged 7 to 12 years: a randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126(12):1634-42. PubMed
Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of near versus distance activities while patching for amblyopia in children aged 3 to less than 7 years. Ophthalmology 2008;115(11):2071-8. PubMed
Matta NS, Singman EL, Silbert DI. Evidenced-based medicine: treatment for amblyopia. Am Orthopt J 2010;60:17-22. PubMed
Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of atropine vs. patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2002; 120: 268-78. PubMed
Li T, Shotton K. Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006460. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006460.pub2 DOI
Tailor V, Bossi M, Bunce C, Greenwood JA, Dahlmann-Noor A. Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to eight years. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 8. Art. No.: CD011347. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011347.pub2. DOI
Repka MX, Wallace DK, Beck RW, et al. Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123: 149-57. pmid:15710809 PubMed
Stewart CE, Wallace MP, Stephens DA, et al. The effect of amblyopia treatment on stereoacuity. J AAPOS 2013; 17: 166-73. pmid:23622448 PubMed
Hertle RW, Scheiman MM, Beck RW, et al. Stability of visual acuity improvement following discontinuation of amblyopia treatment in children aged 7 to 12 years. Arch Ophthalmol 2007; 125: 655-9. pmid:17502505 PubMed
Holmes JM, Beck RW, Kraker RT, et al. Risk of amblyopia recurrence after cessation of treatment. J AAPOS 2004; 8: 420-8. pmid:15492733 PubMed
Taylor K, Elliott S. Interventions for strabismic amblyopia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD006461. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006461.pub4 DOI
Newsham D. A randomised controlled trial of written information: the effect on parental non-concordance with occlusion therapy. Br J Ophthalmol 2002; 86: 787-91. British Journal of Ophthalmology
Awan M, Proudlock FA, Gottlob I. A randomized controlled trial of unilateral strabismic and mixed amblyopia using occlusion dose monitors to record compliance. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 1435-9. pmid:15790912 PubMed
Loudon SE, Fronius M, Looman CW, et al. Predictors and a remedy for noncompliance with amblyopia therapy in children measured with the occlusion dose monitor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47: 4393-400. pmid:17003431 PubMed
Korah S, Philip S, Jasper S, Antonio-Santos A, Braganza A. Strabismus surgery before versus after completion of amblyopia therapy in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD009272. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009272.pub2. DOI
Holmes JM, Melia M, Bradfield YS, Cruz OA, Forbes B; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Factors associated with recurrence of amblyopia on cessation of patching. Ophthalmology 2007;114(8):1427-32. PubMed
McKee SP, Levi DM, Movshon JA. The pattern of visual deficits in amblyopia. J Vis 2003; 3: 380-405. pmid:12875634 PubMed
Greenwood JA, Tailor VK, Sloper JJ, et al. Visual acuity, crowding, and stereo-vision are linked in children with and without amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53: 7655-65. doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10313 DOI
Rahi J, Logan S, Timms C, Russell-Eggitt I, Taylor D. Risk, causes, and outcomes of visual impairment after loss of vision in the non-amblyopic eye: a population-based study. Lancet 2002; 360: 597-602. PubMed

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