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Prostata, godartet forstørrelse: Diagnostikk

Undersøkelse av prostataUndersøkelse av prostata

Legen vil vurdere de typiske symptomer som foreligger og kan velge å drøfte undersøkelse av prostatakjertelen med pasienten. Graden av nedre urinveisplager vurderes gjerne ved at pasienten besvarer spørsmålene i et skårsystem.

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Kjertelen kan legen kjenne med én finger i endetarmen. Hos pasienter med symptomer kan man oppdage omtrent fire av ti kreftsvulster i prostata (prostatakreft) med hjelp av denne enkle undersøkelsen. Legen får også et inntrykk av prostataens størrelse, form og konsistens. 

Dersom det er behov for videre utredning, vil det bli tatt urinprøver og blodprøver i tillegg. Eventuelt kan det måles tiden for å late de første 100 ml av urinen og/eller det kan måles resturin. I de fleste tilfellene er det ikke behov for andre undersøkelser. Ved usikkerhet om diagnosen kan andre undersøkelser være nødvendige. Slike undersøkelser kan være:

  • Ultralyd er en bildeundersøkelse av nyrer og prostata. Undersøkelsen gjør det mulig å beregne størrelsen på prostata.
  • MR prostata. Behov for denne undersøkelsen vurderes av spesialist (urolog) og er hovedregelen for å avgjøre behov for vevsprøver (biopsier). 
  • Biopsitaking kan være nødvendig for å bedømme om plagene skyldes godartet økt mengde prostatavev eller prostatakreft. Vevsprøver tas fra kjertelen via en nål som føres inn gjennom endetarmen. Vevsprøvene blir senere mikroskopert for å bedømme cellevevet.
  • Cystoskopi. Ved denne undersøkelsen føres et kikkerør gjennom urinrøret inn til blæra. Sykdomsforandringer i urinrøret, prostata og urinblære kan observeres.
  • CT-urografi er en CT-undersøkelse med kontrast av urinveiene. Den kan påvise blant annet nyrestein og sykelige forandringer i nyrer og urinleder. 

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Benign prostatahyperplasi . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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