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Fettleversykdom, ikke alkoholisk: Årsaker

Faktorer som er viktige for utvikling av sykdommen, er energioverskudd over tid (både for mye kalorier og for lite fysisk aktivitet), nedsatt følsomhet for hormonet insulin, fettvev med forstyrret cellefunksjon, arv, livsvaner og miljø. Det er en tydelig sammenheng mellom metabolsk fettleversykdom, overvekt eller fedme og type 2 diabetes. Opptil tre av fire personer med overvekt og fedme har MASLD. 

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Når kroppens følsomhet for insulin avtar, fører dette til økt blodsukker og økt fettproduksjon, både i lever og generelt i kroppen. Nedsatt følsomhet for insulin kan også føre til diabetes type 2 og økt mengde fettstoffer i blodet, tilstander som er typisk for metabolsk fettlever.  

Hos mesteparten av pasientene med metabolsk fettlever påvises det kun økt fettmengde i leveren, uten andre tegn til sykdom eller sviktende leverfunksjon. Men hos cirka hver femte person som har sykdommen, fører fettansamlingen til en vedvarende leverbetennelse. Dette er en undergruppe av MASLD som kalles metabolsk leverbetennelse (MASH). 

Det at ikke alle i risikogruppene får tilstanden, og at noen får betennelse i leveren og andre ikke, tyder på at samspillet av de ulike faktorene som nevnt innledningsvis, påvirker utviklingen. Arvelige faktorer er det lite å gjøre med, men livsstilsfaktorer har betydelig effekt, både for å få og for å bli kvitt sykdommen. 

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Fettleversykdom, metabolsk . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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