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Medisinsk smertelindring

Innhold i artikkelen

Det er ikke et nederlag å måtte ty til smertestillende midler, selv om du har vært fast bestemt på å klare deg uten. Blir smertene for sterke, har dette uheldig virkning på fødselen, både for deg og for barnet. Blant annet fører sterke smerter til at du puster for fort, dette gjør igjen at blodets surhetsgrad forstyrres - noe som kan virke forstyrrende på både mor og barn. Sterke smerter gir ofte også kvalme, og er du kvalm, klarer du ikke spise noe særlig. Som ved alle store fysiske prestasjoner er det en fordel å ha litt "energi å gå på", dette gjelder selvfølgelig også fødsler!

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Vil du vite mer

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Smertelindring ved fødsel . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

  1. Ullensvang K, Sjøen GH, Sørbye IK, et al. Smertelindring. Veileder i fødselshjelp. Oslo: Norsk gynekologisk forening. Sist oppdatert 17.07.2024, siden besøkt 18.11.2024 metodebok.no
  2. Zuarez-Easton S, Erez O, Zafran N, et al. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options for pain relief during labor: an expert review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 May;228(5S):S1246-S1259. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.03.003. Epub 2023 Mar 20. PMID: 37005099 PubMed
  3. Folkehelseinstituttet. Medisinsk fødselsregister. Oslo: Folkehelseinstituttet. Siden besøkt 15.11.2024 statistikkbank.fhi.no
  4. Grant GJ, Hepner DL, Berghella V. Pharmacologic management of pain during labor and delivery. UpToDate, last reviewed Oct 2021. Accessed 03 Nov 2021 www.uptodate.com
  5. Supporting Healthy and Normal Physiologic Childbirth: A Consensus Statement by ACNM, MANA, and NACPM. J Perinat Educ. 2013 Winter;22(1):14-8. doi: 10.1891/1058-1243.22.1.14. PMID: 24381472 PubMed
  6. International association for the study of pain (IASP). IASP taxonomy, sist oppdatert 2020. Siden lest 26.09.2024 www.iasp-pain.org
  7. Richardson MG, Lopez BM, Baysinger CL. Should Nitrous Oxide Be Used for Laboring Patients? Anesthesiol Clin. 2017 Mar;35(1):125-143. PMID: 28131115 PubMed
  8. Smith A, Laflamme E, Komanecky C. Pain Management in Labor. Am Fam Physician. 2021 Mar 15;103(6):355-364. PMID: 33719377 PubMed
  9. Klomp T, van Poppel M, Jones L, Lazet J, Di Nisio M, Lagro‐Janssen ALM. Inhaled analgesia for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD009351. PMID: 22972140 PubMed
  10. Anim‐Somuah M, Smyth RMD, Cyna AM, Cuthbert A. Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD000331. PMID: 29781504 PubMed
  11. Bjerk M, Kornør H, Reinar LM, Hval G. Pain relief for women in labour: a rapid review for patient decision aid [Smertelindring under fødsel: en hurtigoversikt for samvalgsverktøy Rapport]. Oslo: Folkehelseinstituttet, 2021. ISBN elektronisk: 978-82-8406-248-8 www.fhi.no
  12. Weibel S, Jelting Y, Afshari A et al. Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD011989. PMID: 28407220 PubMed
  13. Schnabel A, Hahn N, Broscheit J, Muellenbach RM, Rieger L, Roewer N, et al. Remifentanil for labour analgesia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2012;29(4):177-85. PubMed
  14. Jones L, Othman M, Dowswell T, Alfirevic Z, Gates S, Newburn M, Jordan S, Lavender T, Neilson J. Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD009234. PMID: 22419342 PubMed
  15. Kearns RJ, Shaw M, Gromski PS et al. Association of Epidural Analgesia in Women in Labor With Neonatal and Childhood Outcomes in a Population Cohort. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Oct 1;4(10):e2131683. PMID: 34709386 PubMed
  16. Simmons SW, Dennis AT, Cyna AM, Richardson MG, Bright MR. Combined spinal‐epidural versus spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD008100. PMID: 31600820 PubMed
  17. Simmons SW, Taghizadeh N, Dennis AT, Hughes D, Cyna AM. Combined spinal-epidural versus epidural analgesia in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD003401. PMID: 23076897 PubMed
  18. Lukasse M, Bratsberg AB, Thomassen K, Nøhr EA. Use of pudendal nerve block among midwives in Norway: A national cross-sectional study. Eur J Midwifery. 2022 Jun 7;6:34. doi: 10.18332/ejm/146690. PMID: 35794878 PubMed
  19. Cluett ER, Burns E, Cuthbert A. Immersion in water during labour and birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 16;5(5):CD000111. PMID: 29768662 PubMed
  20. Smith CA, Collins CT, Levett KM et al. Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD009232. PMID: 32032444 PubMed
  21. Dowswell T, Bedwell C, Lavender T, Neilson JP. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD007214. PMID: 19370680 PubMed
  22. Derry S, Straube S, Moore RA, Hancock H, Collins SL. Intracutaneous or subcutaneous sterile water injection compared with blinded controls for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD009107. PMID: 22258999 PubMed
  23. Thomson G, Feeley C, Moran VH, et al. Women's experiences of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief methods for labour and childbirth: a qualitative systematic review. Reprod Health. 2019 May 30;16(1):71. PMID: 31146759 PubMed
  24. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intrapartum care (NICE Guideline NG235). Publisert 29.09.2023, siden besøkt 20.11.2024 www.nice.org.uk
  25. Smith CA, Levett KM, Collins CT, Armour M, Dahlen HG, Suganuma M. Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD009514. PMID: 29589650 PubMed
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