Hopp til innhold
NHI.no
Annonse
Informasjon

Heteslag

Heteslag er en tilstand med sterk økning i kroppstemperatur som følge av at kroppens temperaturregulering ikke fungerer tilstrekkelig i varme omgivelser.

Sola som skinner
De første symptomene på heteslag er svimmelhet, hodepine og kvalme. Illustrasjonsfoto: Colourbox

Sist oppdatert:

21. apr. 2021

Innhold i artikkelen

Hva er heteslag?

Forekomsten av heteslag er knyttet til temperatur og luftfuktighet. Hetebølger kan gi "epidemier" av heteslag - særlig blant de eldre. Også yngre mennesker er utsatt. I USA er særlig de som spiller amerikansk fotball, i risiko - de får en ugunstig kombinasjon av tett bekledning, og hardtreningen før sesongstart skjer i den varmeste delen av året (for skoleidretten starter denne sesongen i slutten av august). Uten rask og riktig behandling kan heteslag medføre død, både for ung og gammel.

Annonse

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Varmerelaterte tilstander . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

  1. Gauer R, Meyers BK. Heat-Related Illnesses. Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(8):482-489. PMID: 30990296 PubMed
  2. Sorensen C, Hess J. Treatment and Prevention of Heat-Related Illness. N Engl J Med. 2022 Oct 13;387(15):1404-1413. PMID: 36170473. PubMed
  3. Belval LN, Casa DJ, Adams WM, et al. Consensus statement—prehospital care of exertional heat stroke. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018;22(3):392–397. PMID: 29336710 PubMed
  4. Howe AS, Boden BP. Heat-related illness in athletes. Am J Sports Med 2007; 35: 1384-95. PubMed
  5. Metzger KB, Ito K, Matte TD. Summer heat and mortality in New York City: how hot is too hot? Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118: 80-6. PubMed
  6. Vaidyanathan A, Saha S, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, et al. Assessment of extreme heat and hospitalizations to inform early warning systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Mar 19;116(12):5420-5427. PMID: 30833395. PubMed
  7. World Health Organization (WHO). News: Statement – Heat claims more than 175 000 lives annually in the WHO European Region, with numbers set to soar. 1 August 2024. Nettsiden besøkt 24.07.25. www.who.int
  8. WHO: Fact sheets - Heat and health. Sist oppdatert 28.05.2024. Nettsiden besøkt 25.07.25 www.who.int
  9. Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, et al. Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006. Circulation 2009; 119: 1085-92. pmid:19221222 PubMed
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Heat illness among high school athletes --- United States, 2005-2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010; 59:1009. PubMed
  11. Arias P, Bellouin N, Coppola E, et al. Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2021. www.ipcc.ch
  12. Atha WF. Heat-related illness. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2013;31(4):1097–1108. PMID: 24176481 PubMed
  13. Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Millard-Stafford M, Moran DS, Pyne SW, Roberts WO; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exertional heat illness during training and competition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 556-72. PubMed
  14. Epstein Y, Yanovich R. Heatstroke. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jun 20;380(25):2449-2459. PMID: 31216400. PubMed
  15. Wei S, Sun L. Heat stroke with sepsis: A case report and review of the literature. J Int Med Res. 2025 Feb;53(2):3000605251315353. PMID: 39922802. PubMed
  16. Pryor RR, Bennett BL, O'Connor FG, Young JM, Asplund CA. Medical evaluation for exposure extremes: heat. Wilderness Environ Med. 2015;26(4 suppl):S69–S75. PMID: 26617381 PubMed
  17. Nelson NL, Churilla JR. A narrative review of exercise-associated muscle cramps: factors that contribute to neuromuscular fatigue and management implications. Muscle Nerve. 2016;54(2):177–185. PMID: 27159592 PubMed
  18. Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Ganio MS, Yeargin SW. Exertional heat stroke in competitive athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep 2005; 4: 309-17. PubMed
  19. Roberts WO. Heat and cold: what does the environment do to marathon injury? Sports Med 2007; 37:400. PubMed
  20. Kim JH, Malhotra R, Chiampas G, et al. Cardiac arrest during long-distance running races. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:130. New England Journal of Medicine
  21. Nitschke M, Krackowizer A, Hansen AL, et al. Heat Health Messages: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Preventative Messages Tool in the Older Population of South Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Aug 31;14(9):992. . PMID: 28858262. PubMed
  22. Casa DJ, Kenny GP, Taylor NA. Immersion treatment for exertional hyperthermia: cold or temperate water? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:1246. PubMed
  23. Rodriguez NR, Di Marco NM, Langley S; American Dietetic Association; Dietitians of Canada; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41: 709-31. PubMed
  24. O'Connor FG, Casa DJ. Exertional heat illness in adolescents and adults: management and prevention. UpToDate, last updated Nov 10, 2021. UpToDate
  25. Sloan BK, Kraft EM, Clark D, Schmeissing SW, Byrne BC, Rusyniak DE. On-site treatment of exertional heat stroke. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(4):823–829. PMID: 25632055 PubMed
  26. Daanen HAM, Jonkman AG, Layden JD, et al. Optimising the acquisition and rentention of heat acclimation. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32:822-828. PubMed
  27. Lipman GS, Gaudio FG, Eifling KP, et al, Grissom CK. Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat Illness: 2019 Update. Wilderness Environ Med. 2019 Dec;30(4S):S33-S46. PMID: 31221601. PubMed
  28. Gaudio FG, Grissom CK. Cooling methods in heat stroke. J Emerg Med. 2016;50(4):607–616. PMID: 26525947 PubMed
  29. Mok G, DeGroot D, Hathaway NE, Bigley DP, McGuire CS. Exertional heat injury: effects of adding cold (4°C) intravenous saline to prehospital protocol. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2017;16(2):103–108. PMID: 28282357 PubMed
  30. Smith JE. Cooling methods used in the treatment of exertional heat illness. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39: 503-7. British Journal of Sports Medicine
  31. Rublee C, Dresser C, Giudice C, Lemery J, Sorensen C. Evidence-Based Heatstroke Management in the Emergency Department. West J Emerg Med. 2021 Feb 26;22(2):186-195. PMID: 33856299. PubMed
  32. Marshall SW. Heat injury in youth sport. Br J Sports Med 2010; 44: 8-12. British Journal of Sports Medicine
  33. Asplund CA, O'Connor FG, Noakes TD. Exercise-associated collapse: an evidence-based review and primer for clinicians. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(14):1157–1162.
Annonse
Annonse