Guillain-Barré syndrom: Årsak
Årsaken til syndromet er en betennelse av nerverøttene utenfor ryggmargen. Hvorfor enkelte får slike betennelser, er ikke kjent. Det er påvist at kroppen lager antistoffer, og at det er disse antistoffene som bidrar til å ødelegge isolasjonen rundt nervetråder og selve nervetrådene. Man antar at dette er en form for overreaksjon i immunforsvaret, og tilstanden regnes som en autoimmun sykdom.
En slik reaksjon starter med en harmløs infeksjon forårsaket av et virus eller en bakterie, eksempelvis en tarminfeksjon (for eksempel Campylobakterinfeksjon), en luftveisinfeksjon eller kyssesyken (mononukleose). Det oppstår så en kryssreaksjon der immunapparatets antistoffer mot infeksjonen også angriper nervevev (en autoimmun reaksjon) og utløser Guillian-Barré syndrom. To tredjedeler av pasientene kan fortelle om symptomer fra luftveiene eller magetarmkanalen i løpet av de siste tre ukene før sykdommen bryter ut.
Immunreaksjonen angriper kjedene som omgir nervene (myelinkjedene), eller selve nervecellen. Dermed svekkes funksjonen til nervene, og det oppstår muskelsvakhet og forstyrrelser i følesansene. Den nedsatte nervefunksjonen kan også føre til problemer med å tømme urinblæren, forstyrre hjerterytme, gi synsproblemer, blodtrykksvingninger, forstoppelse.
Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Guillain-Barré syndrom . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor
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