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Forstoppelse, oversikt: Hvordan fungerer tarmen?

TykktarmenTykktarmen

Tarmen er avhengig av regelmessige måltider og tømninger. Når det er avføring i endetarmen, utløses en refleks som automatisk gjør at endetarmåpningen åpnes, og lukkemuskulaturen i endetarmsåpningen relakseres. Ved normal tarmfunksjon er det derfor ikke nødvendig å trykke for å få ut avføring.

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Dersom vi undertrykker tarmens naturlige tømmingsreflekser og venter med å gå på do, får vi ikke tarmen til å "spille på lag" med oss. Resultatet blir at refleksen over ikke fungerer som normalt.

Et fiberfattig kosthold gjør at små mengder slaggstoffer kommer over til tykktarmen. Tarmen stimuleres i liten grad til aktivitet, og avføringen forskyves ikke mot endetarmen.

Fysisk aktivitet stimulerer til bevegelse i tarmen. Stillesittende arbeid og lite mosjon øker derfor risikoen for forstoppelse, noe som særlig rammer eldre mennesker.

Enkelte avføringsmidler virker ved å stimulere tarmen til økt aktivitet og påskynder tømning av avføring. Personer som bruker slike midler over lengre tid, vil imidlertid kunne få problemer. Det skyldes at tarmen etter hvert "blir sliten" av det konstante maset om økt aktivitet, og den mister etter hvert evnen til å reagere normalt på signal om at vi må på do. Resultatet kan bli forstoppelse eller konstant diaré.

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Forstoppelse hos voksne . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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