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Utviklingsforstyrrelser hos barn - veiviser
Utviklingsforstyrrelser hos barn: Hva kan årsaken være, og når bør du søke hjelp? Dette er noe av det du kan lese mer om i denne veiviseren.

Sist oppdatert:
18. apr. 2023
Innhold i artikkelen
Hva er utviklingsforstyrrelser hos barn?
- Det er en samlebetegnelse for alvorlige utviklingsforstyrrelser med avvik i sosialt samspill og kommunikasjon med andre, samt begrenset ensformig, repeterende atferd og interesser
- Det inkluderer tilstandene barneautisme, Aspergers syndrom og Retts syndrom
- Barneautisme forekommer hos 4-5 pr 10.000 barn. Aspergers syndrom forekommer hyppigere enn barneautisme. Retts syndrom er sjeldnere enn barneautisme
Annonse
Hva kan årsaken være?
- Barneautisme
- Opptrer før 3 års alder
- Mangelfull og avvikende utvikling av kontaktevne med forstyrret sosialt samspill
- Forstyrret og forsinket språkutvikling
- Tvangspreget atferd med mange ritualer
- Evnenivået kan være veldig varierende (noen høyere enn normalt, andre normalt, noen lavere enn normalt)
- Retts syndrom
- Kun jenter. Omtrent 3 slike barn fødes årlig i Norge (1 av 10 000 jentefødsler)
- Oppdages mellom 7 og 24 måneder
- Tap av motoriske ferdigheter, stans i lekeutvikling og sosial utvikling
- Ufrivillige bevegelser
- Utviklingsforstyrrelse av hjernen
- Aspergers syndrom
- Normal språkutvikling
- Forstyrret sosialt samspill og kontaktvansker
- Innsnevret og stereotyp, repeterende atferd
- Nye kriterier gjør at diagnosen regnes som en autismespekterforstyrrelse
Hva kan du/dere gjøre selv?
- Det viktigste er å merke seg hvilke særegenheter du/dere mener barnet har. Deres observasjoner er nyttige i utredningen av barnet
Når bør du/dere kontakte lege?
- Så snart det er mistanke om en utviklingsforstyrrelse, bør dere kontakte lege
- Allmennlegen vil henvise til spesialisthelsetjenesten - barne- og ungdomspsykiatrien
Hva gjør legen?
Sykehistorien
Spørsmål legen kan stille:
- Har barnets utvikling vært normal?
- Ja
- Nei, ikke motorisk (lammelser)
- Nei, ikke språklig
- Nei, ikke oppfattelsesmessig
- Har barnets utvikling stanset opp?
- Ja
- Nei
- Når inntrådte stansen i barnets utvikling?
- Før 1 års alder
- Omkring 1 år
- Omkring 2 år
- Omkring 3 år
- Senere
- Kan barnet snakke?
- Ja, som jevnaldrende
- Nei, kommunikasjonen er uforståelig
- Si enkeltord
- Sette sammen ord
- Forstår barnet det som blir sagt til det?
- Ja, litt
- Ja, mye
- Nei
- Er barnet stille eller hyperaktivt?
- Upåfallende
- Stille
- Hyperaktivt
- Har barnet en variert lek eller gjør barnet det samme hele tiden?
- Variert
- Gjør det samme
- Karakteristika ved barnets atferd?
- Prøver å gjøre seg forstått ved f.eks. å peke på gjenstander
- Prøver å dele sin interesse med andre
- Er preget av ritualer og tvangspreget atferd
- Viser interesse for andre barn
- Har ufrivillige bevegelser
- Virker normalt oppvakt
Legeundersøkelsen
- Legen vil foreta en vanlig kroppsundersøkelse for å utelukke eventuelle andre sykdommer
- I tillegg vil syn og hørsel testes
Andre undersøkelser
- Ved mistanke om alvorlig utviklingsforstyrrelse vil barnet bli henvist til barne- og ungdomspsykiatrien for videre utredning
- Det innebærer blant annet psykologiske tester, kartlegging av sosial utvikling, språkutvikling, utvikling av lekeatferd og interesser
- I noen tilfeller kan andre undersøkelser som CT, MR, EEG, spinalvæskeundersøkelser komme på tale
Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Autismespekterforstyrrelser . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor
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