ADHD - behandling: Psykososiale tiltak
Barn og voksne med ADHD har ofte stor nytte av rådgiving eller atferdsterapi, noe som kan gis av psykiatere, psykologer, sosionomer eller andre helsearbeidere. Så mange som en tredjedel av de med ADHD kan også ha andre tilstander som angstlidelser eller depresjon. I disse tilfellene vil rådgiving hjelpe både mot ADHD og de andre problemene.
Rådgivingsbehandling og sosiale tiltak kan innebære:
- Psykoterapi. Dette gjør det mulig for barn og voksne med ADHD å snakke om spørsmål som plager dem, avdekke uheldige atferdsmønster og lære måter å takle disse symptomene på.
- Atferdsterapi. Denne behandlingsformen hjelper lærere og foreldre å lære teknikker for å takle barnets atferd. Disse teknikkene kan inkludere belønningssystemer og avbrytelser eller pauser for å korrigere feil atferd ("timeouts").
- Familieterapi. Denne formen for terapi kan hjelpe foreldre og søsken å håndtere stress og irritasjon som følger av det å leve sammen med en person med ADHD.
- Trening av sosiale ferdigheter. Dette kan bidra til å lære barnet hensiktsmessig sosial atferd.
- Støttegrupper. Dannelse av slike grupper kan tilby voksne og barn med ADHD og deres foreldre et nettverkt med sosial støtte, informasjon og undervisning.
- Foreldretrening. Dette kan hjelpe foreldre til å tilegne seg måter å forstå og veilede sitt barns atferd på.
- Ekstrahjelp i barnehage, skole og arbeidsliv. Mange har nytte av tilpasninger som tar hensyn til funksjonsvansker på skole eller i arbeidslivet, så som vansker med organisering av oppgaver eller sosiale vansker.
- Trygdeordninger og andre støttetiltak. Rådgivning ved hjelpemiddelsentralen eller økonomisk støtte i form av grunnstønad kan være aktuelt for noen.
De beste resultatene synes å komme ved bruk av tverrfaglige grupper der lærere, foreldre, terapeuter eller leger arbeider sammen. Det er viktig at foreldrene samarbeider med barnets lærere og støtter dem i deres utfordringer i klasserommet.
Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet ADHD/hyperkinetisk forstyrrelse . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor
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