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Blodoverføringer og erytropoietin

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Blodoverføringer - bloddoping - og erytropoietin (EPO) øker oksygenfrigjøringen til muskulaturen og bedrer prestasjonene i utholdenhetsidretter som sykling og langrenn7.

Blodoverføringer og erytropoietin innebærer flere risiki som transfusjonsreaksjoner, overføring av blodbårne infeksjoner (hiv og hepatitt), blodpropp som følge av "tykkere" blod (høy viskositet) - noe som kan føre til hjerteinfarkt og hjerneslag.

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Blodoverføringer og erytropoietin er forbudte dopingmidler.

Vil du vite mer

  1. AlShareef S, Gokarakonda SB, Marwaha R. Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder. StatPearls (Internet). Last Update: June 23, 2022.
  2. Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance published correction appears in J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017 Jan;117(1):146. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116(3):501-528. PubMed
  3. National Institutes of Health. Dietary Supplements for Exercise and Athletic Performance. Last updated June 2, 2022. ods.od.nih.gov
  4. Bond P, Smit DL, de Ronde W. Anabolic-androgenic steroids: How do they work and what are the risks?. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1059473. Published 2022 Dec 19.
  5. Andrews MA, Magee CD, Combest TM, Allard RJ, Douglas KM. Physical Effects of Anabolic-androgenic Steroids in Healthy Exercising Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2018;17(7):232-241. PubMed
  6. Baggish AL, Weiner RB, Kanayama G, Hudson JI, Lu MT, Hoffmann U, Pope HG. Cardiovascular Toxicity of Illicit Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use. Circulation. 2017 May 23;135(21):1991-2002. PubMed
  7. Trinh KV, Diep D, Chen KJQ, Huang L, Gulenko O. Effect of erythropoietin on athletic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2020;6(1):e000716. Published 2020 Apr 28. PMID: 32411382 PubMed
  8. Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021;18(1):1. Published 2021 Jan 2. PMID: 33388079 PubMed
  9. Collins J, Maughan RJ, Gleeson M, et al. UEFA expert group statement on nutrition in elite football. Current evidence to inform practical recommendations and guide future research. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55(8):416. PubMed
  10. Wax B, Kerksick CM, Jagim AR, Mayo JJ, Lyons BC, Kreider RB. Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):1915. Published 2021 Jun 2. PMID: 34199588 PubMed
  11. Bogdanis GC, Nevill ME, Aphamis G, et al. Effects of Oral Creatine Supplementation on Power Output during Repeated Treadmill Sprinting. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1140. Published 2022 Mar 8.
  12. Butts J, Jacobs B, Silvis M. Creatine Use in Sports. Sports Health. 2018;10(1):31-34. PubMed
  13. Casadel K, Shelkh S, Klel J. Performance Enhancing Drugs - A Review of Non-Steroidal Drugs of Abuse. EMRA. Published 16.12.2019. www.emra.org
  14. Liu H, Bravata DM, Olkin I, et al. Systematic review: the effects of growth hormone on athletic performance. Ann Intern Med 2008; 148: 747-58. Annals of Internal Medicine
  15. Pedlar CR, Brugnara C, Bruinvels G, Burden R. Iron balance and iron supplementation for the female athlete: A practical approach. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018;18(2):295-305. PubMed
  16. Grgic J, Pedisic Z, Saunders B, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021;18(1):61. Published 2021 Sep 9. PMID: 34503527 PubMed
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