Astma hos idrettsutøvere: Diagnosen
Korrekt diagnose er viktig, ikke bare i forbindelse med søknad om medisinsk fritak. Det er også viktig for å sikre at utøveren får best mulig behandling. Erfaring fra undersøkelser tyder på at mange idrettsutøvere er underbehandlet og av den grunn forhindres fra å nå toppresultater. Motsatt er det enkelte som får behandling mot astma eller anstrengelsesutløst bronkospasme, uten å ha en slik sykdom. Det er ikke grunn til å tro at slik bruk øker prestasjonsevnen. Det som er avgjørende, er et godt samarbeid mellom idrettsutøveren, behandlingsansvarlig medisinsk personell, treningsansvarlig, idrettsforbundet og eventuelt Antidoping Norge .
Vil du vite mer
Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Bronkospasme, anstrengelsesutløst . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor
- Smoliga JM, Mohseni ZS, Berwager JD, et al. Common causes of dyspnoea in athletes: a practical approach for diagnosis and management. Breathe (Sheff) 2016 Jun; 12(2): e22-37. pmid:27408644 PubMed
- Weiler JM, Anderson SD, Randolph C, et al; American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Pathogenesis, prevalence, diagnosis, and management of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010;105(suppl):S1-47
- Smoliga JM, Weiss P, Rundell KW. Exercise induced bronchoconstriction in adults: evidence based diagnosis and management. BMJ 2016; 352: h6951. pmid:26762594 PubMed
- Weiler JM, Brannan JD, Randolph CC, Hallstrand TS, Parsons J, Silvers W, Storms W, Zeiger J, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Greenhawt M, Khan D, Lang D, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Schuller DE, Tilles SA, Wallace D. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction update-2016. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Nov;138(5):1292-1295.e36. Epub 2016 Sep 21. PMID: 27665489. PubMed
- Weiss P, Rundell KW. Imitators of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2009; 5(1): 7. pmid:20016690 PubMed
- de Aguiar KB, Anzolin M, Zhang L. Global prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in childhood: A meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; Jan 24: epub ahead of print. pmid:29364581 PubMed
- Molis MA, Molis WE. Exercise-induced bronchospasm. Sports Health 2010 Jul; 2(4): 311-17. doi:10.1177/1941738110373735 DOI
- Wilber RL, Rundell KW, Szmedra L, Jenkinson DM, Im J, Drake SD. Incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm in Olympic winter sport athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 732-7. PubMed
- Parsons JP, Mastronarde JG. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes. Chest 2005; 128: 3966-74. PubMed
- Weiler JM, Hallstrand TS, Parsons JP, et al. Improving screening and diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a call to action. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2014; 2(3): 275-80. pmid:24811017 PubMed
- Parsons JP, Hallstrand TS, Mastronarde JG, et al. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2013. doi:10.1164/rccm.201303-0437ST DOI
- Carlsen KH, Anderson SD, Bjermer L, et al. Exercise-induced asthma, respiratory and allergic disorders in elite athletes: epidemiology, mechanisms and diagnosis: part I of the report from the Joint Task Force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) in cooperation with GA2LEN. Allergy 2008 Apr; 63(4): 387-403. pmid:18315727 PubMed
- Pasnick SD, Carlos WG 3rd, Arunachalam A, et al. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014 Dec; 11(10): 1651-2. pmid:25549031 PubMed
- Langhammer A, Jakobsen A, Sjaastad G, Østrem A. Astmaveileder for allmennpraksis. 2022. www.lungeripraksis.no
- Røksund OD, Heimdal JH, Clemm H. Exercise inducible laryngeal obstruction: diagnostics and management. Paediatr Respir Rev 2016 ; Jul 18: S1526-0542. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2016.07.003 DOI
- Røksund O, Clemm H. Exercise indusert laryngeal obstruksjon. Generell veileder i pediatri. Sist faglig oppdatert 01.01.2017. www.helsebiblioteket.no
- Nielsen EW, Hull JH, Backer V. High prevalence of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013 Nov; 45(11): 2030-5. pmid:23657163 PubMed
- Krafczyk MA, Asplund CA. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician 2011: 84; 427-34.
- Clemm H, Røksund O. Provokasjonstest for anstrengelsesutløst bronkokonstriksjon. Generell veileder i pediatri. Sist faglig oppdatert 01.01.2017. www.helsebiblioteket.no
- Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2025. Updated May 2025. Available from www.ginasthma.org ginasthma.org
- Sonna LA, Angel KC, Sharp MA, Knapik JJ, Patton JF, Lilly CM. The prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm among US Army recruits and its effects on physical performance. Chest 2001;119:1676-84. PubMed
- Stickland MK, Rowe BH, Spooner CH, et. al. Effect of warm-up exercise on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012 Mar; 44(3): 383-91. pmid:21811185 PubMed
- Beuther DA, Martin RJ. Efficacy of a heat exchanger mask in cold exercise-induced asthma. Chest 2006; 129: 1188-93. PubMed
- Antidoping Norge www.antidoping.no
- Philip G, Pearlman DS, Villarán C, et al. Single-dose montelukast or salmeterol as protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Chest 2007; 132: 875-83. PubMed
- Leff JA, Busse WW, Pearlman D, Bronsky EA, Kemp J, Hendeles L, et al. Montelukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, for the treatment of mild asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. N Engl J Med 1998;339:147-52. New England Journal of Medicine
- Edelman JM, Turpin JA, Bronsky EA, et al. Oral montelukast compared with inhaled salmeterol to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. A randomized, double-blind trial. Exercise Study Group. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132: 97-104. Annals of Internal Medicine
- FDA. Press Announcements. FDA Requires Stronger Warning About Risk of Neuropsychiatric Events Associated with Asthma and Allergy Medication Singulair and Generic Montelukast. March 2020. www.fda.gov